单项选择题
Technology Transfer in Germany
When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nation's vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosperity(繁荣)has faltered (衰退) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable (令人羡慕的)record for turning ideas into profit.
Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes'have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies.
Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of fresh ideas. If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur (企业家), the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity-driven, free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because.half the small businesses that are pro[noted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.
While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany's research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer.
Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largest organisation for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people, it continues to grow. Last year, it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin.Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia.
第 41 题 What factor can be attributed to German prosperity?
A．Technologytransfe
B．Good management.
C．Hard work.
D．Fierce competition.
- A.
Much
B.
Such
C.half
D.
While
E.
Founded
F.Today,
G.Technologytransfe
B．Good
H.
C．Hard
I.
D．Fierce
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A.75%
B.85%
C.80%
D.90% -
单项选择题
Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind If you cannot see, you may not be able to find your way out of a burning building -and that could be fatal. A company in Leeds could______________(51) all that with directional (定向的) sound alarms capable of guiding you to the exit.Sound Alert, a company run______________(52) the University of Leeds, is installing the alarms in a residential home for______________(53) people in Sommerset and a resource centre for the blind in Cumbria. The alarms produce a ______________ (54) range of frequencies that enable the brain to______________(55) where the sound is coming from.Deborah Withington of Sound Alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be______________(56) by humans. 'It is a burst of white noise that people say sounds like static (静电噪音) on the radio,' she says. 'Its life-saving potential is ______________(57).'She conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by thermal-imaging (热效应成像) cameras trying to find their______________(58) out of a large smoke-filled room. It______________(59) them nearly four minutes to find the door without a sound alarm,______________(60) only 15 seconds with one.Withington studies how the brain______________(61) sounds at the university. She says that the______________(62) of a wide band of frequencies can be pinpointed (精确地确定) more easily than the source of a narrow band. Alarms______________(63) on the same concept have already been installed on emergency vehicles.The alarms will also include rising or falling frequencies to ______________(64) whether people should go up or down stairs. They were______________(65) with the aid of a large grant from British Nuclear Fuels. 第 51 题A．changeB．cureC．demandD．set
A.
Sound
B.
Deborah
C.'
She
D.
Withington
E.
The
F.change
B．cure
C．demand
D．set -
单项选择题
Ford 1．Ford's great strength was the manufacturing process--not invention. Long before he started a car company, he was a worker, known for picking up pieces of metal and wire and turning them into machines. He started putting cars together in 1891. Although it was by no means the first popular automobile, the Model T showed the world just how creative Ford was at combining technology and market.2．The company's assembly line alone threw America's Industrial Revolution into overdrive (高速运转). Instead of having workers put together the entire car, Ford's friends, who were great toolmakers from Scotland, organized teams that added parts to each Model T as it moved down a line. By the time Ford's Highland Park plant was humming(嗡嗡作响) along in 1914, the world's first automatic conveyor belt could turn out a car every 93 minutes.3．The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with the $5-a-day minimum wage scheme, the greatest contribution he had ever made. The average wage in the auto industry then was $2.34 for a 9-hour shift. Ford not only doubled that, he also took an hour off the workday. In those years it was unthinkable that a man could be paid that much for doing something that didn't involve an awful lot of training or education. The Wall Street Joumal called the plan 'an economic crime', and critics everywhere laughed at Ford.4．But as the wage increased later to daily $10, it proved a critical component of Ford's dream to make the automobile accessible (可及的) to all. The critics were too stupid to understand that because Ford had lowered his costs per car, the higher wages didn't matter--except for making it possible for more people to buy cars. 第 23 题 Paragraph 1____________
A.Ford's
B.
2．The
C.
3．The
D.34
E.
4．But
